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Digital tools for oil & gas and oil sands operations

SandApps designs mobile and web applications for the people who find, produce, move and refine hydrocarbons. We focus on field data capture, production surveillance, pipeline integrity, safety and emissions reporting, built to work at remote sites with little or no connectivity.

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The oil & gas value chain

  1. UpstreamExploration, drilling, completions and production
  2. MidstreamGathering, processing, pipelines, storage and LNG
  3. DownstreamRefining, petrochemicals and fuel distribution

How the oil and gas value chain works

Oil and natural gas travel a long way between the reservoir and the end user. The industry is usually divided into three segments, each with its own equipment, regulations, economics and data.

Upstream

Exploration and production (E&P). Geoscientists use seismic surveys and well logs to locate reservoirs. Operators then drill, complete and produce wells onshore and offshore, using artificial lift such as pumpjacks, gas lift or electric submersible pumps to keep fluids flowing as reservoir pressure declines.

Midstream

Gathering systems, gas processing plants, compressor stations, pipelines, rail terminals, storage tanks and marine terminals. Natural gas can be liquefied into LNG for export by ship. Integrity management, leak detection and scheduling are the core concerns.

Downstream

Refineries separate and convert crude oil into gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, asphalt and feedstocks for petrochemical plants. Products are then blended, stored and distributed to terminals and retail stations. Margins depend on crude quality, refinery configuration and demand.

Oil sands: a different kind of reservoir

Oil sands are deposits of sand, clay and water saturated with bitumen, a very heavy and viscous form of petroleum that will not flow at reservoir temperature. The largest deposits lie in the Athabasca, Cold Lake and Peace River regions of northern Alberta, Canada, and similar extra-heavy crude is found in Venezuela's Orinoco Belt.

Because bitumen is so thick, it is either upgraded into synthetic crude oil or blended with a lighter diluent (producing "dilbit") before it can move through pipelines to refineries.

Surface mining

Where deposits are close to the surface, overburden is removed and the oil sand is dug up with shovels and haul trucks. Hot water separates the bitumen from the sand, and the remaining tailings are managed in ponds and reclaimed over time.

In-situ recovery

Most oil sands reserves are too deep to mine. Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) uses paired horizontal wells: steam from the upper well heats the bitumen, which drains to the lower well and is pumped to surface. Cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) uses a single well.

What operators measure

Steam-to-oil ratio, well-pair temperatures and pressures, water recycling rates, tailings volumes, land reclamation progress and greenhouse gas intensity are tracked continuously, and much of this data starts on a tablet or a handheld in the field.

Alberta's oil sands at a glance

3 depositsAthabasca, Cold Lake and Peace River, across about 142,000 km² of northern Alberta
Since 1967when the first commercial oil sands plant opened near Fort McMurray
About 80%of the recoverable resource is too deep to mine and is produced in situ, mostly by SAGD
Largest sourceof Canada's crude oil production, shipped by pipeline to the U.S. and the Pacific coast
Read our oil sands guide

Where software makes a difference in the field

Energy companies run on data collected at wellsites, plants and pipeline right-of-ways, often far from reliable networks. SandApps focuses on practical, offline-first tools that get that data where it needs to go.

Field data capture

Mobile forms for operator rounds, gauge readings, tank levels and inspections that work without signal and sync when a connection returns.

Production surveillance

Dashboards that bring together well tests, SCADA readings and allocation data so engineers can spot declining wells and downtime early.

Pipeline integrity

Right-of-way patrols, cathodic protection surveys, dig records and in-line inspection follow-ups captured against the right asset and location.

Health, safety & environment

Permits to work, job safety analyses, hazard observations and incident reports that crews can complete at the job site.

Methane & emissions reporting

Leak detection and repair (LDAR) surveys, flaring and venting logs, and the records needed for regulatory emissions reporting.

Maintenance & reliability

Work orders, equipment histories and preventive maintenance checklists for pumps, compressors, separators and heaters.

Prices, forecasts and a multilingual oil & gas dictionary

Benchmark oil and gas prices, price and production forecasts, and industry terms in multiple languages, on iPhone and Android and ready to use offline at remote sites.

Explore the app
  1. PricesBrent, WTI, WCS, Henry Hub, TTF and more, with alerts
  2. ForecastsForward curves, scenarios and production decline curves
  3. DictionaryOil and gas terms with translations, available offline

Lower-carbon oil and gas production

Producers around the world are working to cut the emissions intensity of every barrel and every cubic metre of gas. The work is operational as much as technological, and it depends on accurate measurement.

Methane reduction
Finding and fixing leaks, replacing gas-driven pneumatic devices and reducing venting are among the lowest-cost climate measures available to the industry.
Flaring
Routine flaring of associated gas wastes a valuable resource. Capturing that gas for sale, reinjection or power generation is a global industry priority.
Carbon capture
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) injects CO2 into deep geological formations. Norway's Sleipner field has stored CO2 offshore since 1996, and the Quest project captures CO2 from oil sands upgrading in Alberta.
Electrification
Replacing gas-fired turbines and engines with grid or renewable power at platforms, plants and compressor stations cuts on-site emissions.

Common oil and gas terms

API gravity
A measure of how heavy or light a crude oil is compared with water. Light crudes have a high API gravity; bitumen has a very low one.
Barrel of oil equivalent (BOE)
A unit that combines oil and natural gas production by energy content, so they can be reported as one figure.
Brent and WTI
The two most widely quoted crude oil price benchmarks: North Sea Brent and West Texas Intermediate.
Diluent
A light hydrocarbon, such as condensate, blended with bitumen so it can flow through a pipeline.
LNG
Liquefied natural gas: natural gas cooled to about −162 °C so it can be shipped by tanker.
SAGD
Steam-assisted gravity drainage, the main in-situ recovery method for oil sands bitumen.
SCADA
Supervisory control and data acquisition: the systems that monitor and control wells, pipelines and plants remotely.
Tailings
The mixture of water, sand, clay and residual bitumen left over after oil sands mining and extraction.
Upgrader
A facility that converts bitumen into lighter synthetic crude oil before it is refined.
LDAR
Leak detection and repair: regular surveys, often with optical gas imaging cameras, to find and fix methane leaks.

Oil and gas industry resources

Our guides to how the business of oil and gas works, followed by authoritative sources for market data, statistics, engineering knowledge and regulation.

Industry guides

External resources

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between upstream, midstream and downstream?

Upstream finds and produces oil and gas, midstream processes, transports and stores it, and downstream refines it into fuels and petrochemicals and sells them to customers.

What are oil sands?

Oil sands are mixtures of sand, clay, water and bitumen. The bitumen is too thick to flow on its own, so it is recovered by surface mining or by heating it underground with steam. Read more in our oil sands guide.

How does SAGD work?

Two horizontal wells are drilled a few metres apart. Steam injected through the upper well heats the bitumen until it flows, and gravity carries it down to the lower well, where it is pumped to surface.

Why is bitumen diluted before it goes into a pipeline?

Bitumen is too viscous to pump over long distances. Blending it with a lighter diluent such as natural gas condensate lowers its viscosity so it meets pipeline specifications.

What does SandApps do?

SandApps designs mobile and web software for oil and gas operations, with a focus on field data capture, production surveillance, pipeline integrity, safety and emissions reporting.